Acidic Versus Alkaline Bacterial Degradation of Lignin Through Engineered Strain E. coli BL21(Lacc): Exploring the Differences in Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Degradation Products
There is increasing interest in research on biodegradation of lignin compounds as potential building blocks in applications related to renewable products. More attention is needed to evaluate the impact of the initial pH conditions for bacterial degradation of lignin. In this study, we conducted experiments on biodegradation of lignin in acidic and mild alkaline conditions. Biodegradation acid, lignin is chemically pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. alkaline biodegradation achieved by developing the growth of bacteria on Luria and Bertani medium with alkali lignin as the sole carbon source.
Mutant strains of Escherichia coli BL21 (Lacc) is used to carry out the biodegradation of lignin during 10 days of incubation. The results show that under acidic conditions the dominance of aliphatic compounds from C3-C4 species. Alkaline biodegradation produced in the context of oxidative stress, with a larger number of aryl compounds. The final pH value of acid and alkaline biodegradation of lignin were 2.53 and 7.90, respectively. The results of gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis detected compounds such as crotonic acid, lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid for acid conditions, with potential applications for adhesives and polymer precursors.
In alkaline conditions, the compounds detected include 2-phenylethanol and dehydroabietic acid, with potential applications for fragrances and tumor / anti-anti-inflammatory drugs. Size-exclusion chromatography analysis showed that the average molecular weight of alkali lignin biodegradation increased 6.75-fold compared with the acid method, resulting in repolymerization of the molecular structure. Lignin repolymerization coincided with an increase in relative abundance and alcohol isovanillyl dehydroabietic acid, of 2.70 and 3.96% on the day zero to 13.43 and 10.26% on the 10th day.
The results of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy to detect the presence of C = O bonds and OH functional groups associated with the carboxylic acid in acid method. In the alkaline method is no greater preponderance of signals associated with the aromatic framework structure, the amine functional group and a C – O – bonds. Lignin biodegradation product of E. coli BL21 (laccase), under the condition of different initial pH, shows promising potential to enlarge the spectrum of renewable products for biorefinery activities.
Acidic Versus Alkaline Bacterial Degradation of Lignin Through Engineered Strain E. coli BL21(Lacc): Exploring the Differences in Chemical Structure, Morphology, and Degradation Products
Evaluating the Effect of azole antifungal agents on Stress Response and nano Surface properties anthropi Ochrobactrum Aspcl2.2
Azole antifungal molecules are widely used as active ingredients in various products, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. This prompted their release into the natural environment. The detailed mechanism of their effect on natural ecosystems biotic components remain unexplored. Our research aims to test the response of Ochrobactrum anthropi AspCl2.2 with the presence of four azole antifungal agents (clotrimazole, fluconazole, climbazole, epoxiconazole).
Experiments conducted on the analysis of cell metabolic activity, cell membrane permeability, the level of total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity. This study allows for the evaluation of the oxidative stress response of cells to the presence of azole antifungals. In addition, changes in the surface properties of nanomaterials, including adhesive and elastic features of the cells, were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometric methods.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Caspase-9 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Caspase-9 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Caspase-9 from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of Y153
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of T125
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human, Monkey. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S144
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Caspase-9 from Human. This Caspase-9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from human Caspase-9 around the non-phosphorylation site of S196
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Caspase 9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase 9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, IP. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen synthetic peptide
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Caspase 9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase 9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, IP. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen synthetic peptide
Description: A monoclonal antibody for detection of Caspase 9 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Caspase 9 antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, IP. It is affinity-purified from mouse ascites by affinity-chromatography using the specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in mouse by using as an immunogen synthetic peptide
The results indicate that oxidative stress promotes bacterial azoles. The strongest difference recorded for cells cultivated with fluconazole. The most toxic effects have been associated with climbazole.
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pGB Caspase-1 siRNA Vector 
pGB Caspase-3 siRNA Vector 
pGB Caspase-8 siRNA Vector )
siRNA Cloning Vector (pGB) )
Control siRNA Vector (pGB-control) 
pGB AIF siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB BAD siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB BAX siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB BID siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB Hsp90 siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB Bcl-2 siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB CIAP-1 siRNA Vector Mix 
pGB CIAP-2 siRNA Vector Mix 
Caspase-9 
Caspase 9 Antibody 
Caspase 9 antibody 
Caspase-9 Antibody 
Caspase 9 protein 
anti-Caspase 9 
Caspase 9 Blocking Peptide 
Polyclonal Caspase-9 Antibody 
Monoclonal Caspase-9 Antibody 
Caspase-9 Conjugated Antibody 
Caspase 9 Mouse mAb 
anti- Caspase 9 antibody 
Caspase-9 Polyclonal Antibody 
Caspase 9 Monoclonal Antibody  Antibody)
Caspase 9 (CASP9) Antibody 
Caspase 9 p35 Antibody  Antibody)
Caspase 9 (pT125) Antibody  Antibody)
Caspase 9 (pS196) Antibody 
Caspase 9 Assay Kit 
Caspase-9 Rabbit pAb 
Caspase-9 Mouse mAb )
Caspase 9 antibody (Tyr153) )
Caspase 9 antibody (Ser144) )
Caspase 9 antibody (Ser196) )
Caspase 9 antibody (Thr125) 